Definition
-It is derived from the Latin word “definire”, which means: “to assign limits.
-It is the statement which explains the meaning of the term.
Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Classification of Terms according to Application
1. UNIVERSAL- a term, which is applied to a member of a given class.
Ex. All meteors are heavenly bodies.
All prisoners are law-breakers.
2. PARTICULAR- a term, which is applied to an indeterminately designed portion of its absolute extension.
Ex. Some reformers are protagonist.
Many rich people are not happy in life.
3. SINGULAR- a term, which is applied to only one specified object, individual or group.
Ex. He is a combatant.
She is a sorority member.
Monday, November 21, 2011
Classification of Terms according to the Extent of Meaning or Signification
1. UNIVOCAL – Terms are univocal if they exhibit similarity in meaning or signification even though they are used in at least two occasions.
Ex. Honey Pie is a photographer.
Tweety Cute is a photographer.
2. EQUIVOCAL – Terms may be considered equivocal of they exhibit difference in meaning or signification whenever they are used in at least two occasions.
Ex. The wedding bells ring.
Jerica receives a ring from Jerico.
3 Processes or Kinds:
a. Spelling alone: terms are similar in spelling but different in meaning and pronunciation.
Ex. Resume – bio data
Resume – to continue
b. Sound alone: terms maybe the same in pronunciation or utterances but their spellings remained to be different as well as their meanings.
Ex. Maid - made
Pool - pull
c. Both Sound and Spelling: terms maybe have similarity in sound and spelling but still their meanings remained to be different.
Ex. Right - right
Left - left
3. ANALOGOUS – Terms are analogous if they express partly the same and partly different meanings when used in at least two occasions.
- Proportionality and attribution are the key factors in understanding analogous terms.
Ex. Orange – fruit, Orange – color
CLASSIFICATION OF CONCEPTS
First Classification
1. First Intention: a concept by which we know a thing independent of our mind.
Ex. Humans have two legs.
2. Second Intention: a concept by which we conceive a thing in reality in so far as the mind understands it.
Ex. The Philippines is the Pearl of the Orient Seas.
Second Classification
Ex. Black dress, Red lips, Green shirt
2. Abstract – A concept endowed with form only.
Ex. blackness, loyalty
Third Classification – a concept which could either be ”absolute” or “connotative”.
1. Absolute – a concept that manifests itself to the mind as a substance and as an independent reality. Ex. Man, God
2. Connotative – a concept that manifests itself to the mind as an accident connected to a substance.
Ex. Debater, speaker, kind, beautiful
Fourth Classification - it depends on the quality of the sentence.
1. Positive – an essential characteristic of this classification is that it formulates the concept in an affirmative form.
Ex. She is an honest person.
2. Negative – It expresses an object that lacks something or that which is stated in negative form.
Ex. Pedro is not happy.
Concept as a Sign
Sign: It is anything which leads us to be aware of something else.
a. Natural Sign – those that by their nature signify something else.
Ex. Smoke, footprints, rain
b. Conventional Sign – those that by convention or tradition are assigned to signify something. It is also called as “arbitrary signs”.
Ex. Traffic Signs, Military Patches, Agency Logo
c. Formal Signs – those that do not signify things but explain them to be what they are.
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